中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
青岛：厉行节约 边角料“变废为宝”****** 光明日报记者 刘艳杰 光明日报通讯员 朱天麒 午餐时间马上到了，青岛市机关食堂冷菜班组的师傅马圣虎连忙将今天的特色小菜“凉拌香菜根”端到了取餐台。 “食堂每天要切配各种蔬菜，会产生大量的芹菜叶、白菜根、香菜根、萝卜尾等边角料，扔掉了怪可惜。”马圣虎告诉记者，冷菜班组的师傅们想办法“变废为宝”，每天将切下的根、茎、叶洗净，拌上盐或酱油加辣椒、糖、花椒等调味品，制成一道道精美小菜。美味下饭的小菜不仅深受就餐人员的欢迎，而且减少了原材料的浪费。 将边角料“吃干榨净”是青岛市机关食堂厉行节约、反对浪费的一个缩影。 据了解，为制止餐饮浪费行为，青岛市成立了反食品浪费工作领导小组，将机关食堂反食品浪费纳入年度重点工作，编制了《机关食堂管理服务标准化手册》，对食材采购、储存加工、餐厨垃圾处理等全流程进行规范。 “我们的工作重点是实施规范化管理、建设数字厨房。”青岛市机关事务服务中心党组成员、副主任周先胜介绍，他们把机关餐饮工作全流程分解为94个标准微视频，将每一项工作流程细化和量化。通过标准化食堂建设，达到源头管控标准化、菜品制作标准化、出品品质标准化，实现成本降低、效率提高、品质提升。 通过动态大数据进行后厨精细化管理也是青岛机关食堂厉行节约的重要手段之一。比如，每个餐厅都会根据人数准备食材数量，做到“按需补餐”。尤其在制作素菜的时候，都是一餐盒一餐盒地出菜，这样不仅能保持菜品的质量和口感，还能减少剩余原料的产生。 在青岛市机关食堂的走廊、墙壁上，一张张厉行节约、反对浪费的宣传海报迎面而来，甚至每张餐桌上，都摆放着“光盘行动”的提示牌，随时提醒就餐者不要浪费食物。 通过持续的宣传督导，文明节俭用餐成为每个人的自觉行动。在青岛市机关食堂的餐具回收区，反食品浪费督导员告诉记者，“光盘行动”实施以来，就餐者基本都能做到盆干碗净，餐余垃圾减少了一半。而通过食材的充分利用，制餐区的餐厨垃圾总量也下降了35%。 此外，2022年，青岛市已将机关食堂反食品浪费工作成效列为全市公共机构节约能源资源考核和节约型机关创建内容，并组织开展市、区两级机关食堂反食品浪费工作成效评估督查，一方面推动机关食堂反食品浪费工作再上新台阶，另一方面也督促广大干部职工养成绿色低碳的健康生活方式。 《光明日报》（ 2023年01月11日 04版） 彩之家app地图 |
