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彩之家app2023-01-31 16:05

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中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******

  中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。

资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。

  2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。

  日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。

  日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。

  事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。

  因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。

  日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。

  《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。

  德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。

  日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。

  国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。

  太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。

  Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business

  By John Lee

  (ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.

  Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.

  The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.

  On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.

  The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.

  In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.

  Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.

  The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.

  The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.

  The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.

  According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.

  As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.

  However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.

  Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.

  The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.

  If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.

 

兔年“说文解字”:“卯兔”有哪些文化内涵?******

  中新网北京1月20日电(记者 上官云)转眼间,农历兔年来了。按照生肖纪年的说法,十二生肖包括鼠、牛、虎、兔、龙、蛇、马、羊、猴、鸡、狗、猪,流传至今。

  十二生肖的历史很悠久,据说在先秦时期已有相关记载。北京中外文化交流研究基地副主任孟德宏表示,兔子的生命力极强,我们的先民很早就将兔子当做瑞兽加以看待,《瑞应图》中记载,“赤兔大瑞,白兔中瑞”。

  他在接受中新网记者专访时提到,结合十二地支,人们常常说的“卯兔”,本身其实代表着黎明、春天、无限的生机与活力。

资料图:南京市工艺美术大师、非遗剪纸传承人陈耀在其工作室展示他创作的兔年剪纸作品,迎接新春佳节的到来。 中新社记者 泱波 摄

  “卯兔”的“卯”有啥含义?

  关于十二生肖或者说“属相”的起源,有着不同说法。有观点认为,生肖文化起源于图腾文化;也有观点认为,十二生肖起源于动物崇拜。

  在人们的口口相传中,也常常能听到“卯兔”的叫法。孟德宏认为,“卯”是十二地支之一。用“卯”来与“兔”相对应,说明古人认为二者之间存在着某种特定的联系。

  “卯”的甲骨文字形,则很像是门被打开的样子,例如《说文解字》认为“卯”“象开门之形”,并指出“二月为天门”。在此基础上,段玉裁解释为“卯为春门,万物已出”。

  同时,《说文解字》也将“卯”音训为“冒也。二月万物冒地而出”。段玉裁引用《律历志》进一步阐发说,“卯之为言茂也。言万物茂也”。

  从文字学角度来看,“冒”有草木萌生之意,“茂”可以指草木繁盛,指的就是人间二月草长莺飞的美好时光。就四季而言,“卯”意味着春意浓浓;就一天而言,“卯”在时间上指早上五点到七点左右,代表着破晓的黎明。

资料图:市民在北京一花卉市场挑选年宵花,迎接中国农历兔年。 中新社记者 张宇 摄

  “综合起来看,‘卯’的甲骨文字型传递的就是开门纳福的寓意,万物从冬季的沉睡中复苏。”孟德宏说。 

  兔子是人们眼中的瑞兽

  依据甲骨文来看,孟德宏认为,“兔”基本就是“兔子”的象形。《说文解字》如此解释“兔”,“兽名,像踞,后其尾形”。

  长长的大耳朵,萌态十足,这是“兔子”给人们留下的印象之一。孟德宏说,兔子的生命力很强,很早就被先民们当做瑞兽加以看待。

  “兔子的繁衍能力也很强,因为这些特点,它们在民俗文化中很受老百姓的喜爱。”他解释,在民俗传统中,先民们大多都有“生殖崇拜”,期待多子多孙、人丁兴旺。

  据《瑞应图》载,“赤兔大瑞,白兔中瑞”。古时人们发现白兔以后,大多会敬献给朝廷,以显示国富民强。

  此外,《三国演义》中吕布的坐骑就叫做“赤兔马”。孟德宏觉得,以“赤兔”命名骏马,很可能和兔子跑得快这个特点有关。

资料图:图为济南市民在家中张贴兔年福字。 赵晓 摄

  兔子善于奔跑,所以也有“静如处子动如脱兔”一说。汉字“逸”即从兔会意,表示的就是像兔子一样飞快地奔跑,这种奔跑的姿势优美、飘逸,能引起人们很好的审美体验。

  所以,人们常常说的“卯兔”,本身其实代表着黎明、春天、无限的生机与活力。

  “兔”的文化内涵

  在中国传统生肖文化中,兔子活泼机灵,是活力和幸福的象征。

  比如,嫦娥奔月在中国是耳熟能详的民间传说,当人们想起广寒宫、桂花树时,往往也会想到可爱的玉兔。

  孟德宏认为,憨态可掬的“兔儿爷”也是中国民间艺术的产物,其造型生动诙谐,深受儿童喜爱,寄寓着人们各种美好的愿景。

  可爱的兔子为何能被选入十二生肖?孟德宏认为,除了传说和民间故事之外,也可能因为兔子与人们的生活密切相关。

  他提到,大文学家韩愈写过一篇文章,叫做《毛颖传》,第一段讲“毛颖者,中山人也。其先佐禹治东方土,养万物有功,因封于卯地,死为十二神”,也佐证了上述说法。

  日常生活中,与“兔”相关的成语典故也很多,常见的比如狡兔三窟、守株待兔等等。

资料图:《钱兔似锦》内画作品。 王天祥 摄

  玉兔呈祥与花好月圆

  对中国人来说,包括兔子在内的十二生肖不只是简单的动物形象,更是刻在记忆深处的文化符号。

  孟德宏说,《礼记》中对“兔”这个字有相关记载。此外,陆佃云,兔,吐也。明月之精,视月而生。故曰明视。所以人们很早之前就把月亮和兔子联系在一起了。

  “而且大家常说花好月圆,春节、中秋等都是我们特别重视的节日,最盼望的就是团圆,兔子就成为月亮乃至团圆的一个代名词。”他说。

  正所谓“玉兔呈祥”,在各式剪纸窗花、绘画作品中,经常会有兔子的身影出现,寄托着人们的美好心愿,也彰显着中华优秀传统文化。

  “甲骨文中的‘兔’字就是象形字,很好地抓住了兔子外形最突出的特点。这就是咱们先民们造字时很了不起的地方,生动传神地传递出语义信息。”孟德宏由衷地感叹道。(完)

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